I've owned many cars, both fuel injected (throttle body, sequential etc) and carbureted and I've yet to do this to any of them.
In fact to be honest, I've never seen a cure in a bottle either. Any time I added something to the tank it never fixed an actual problem other than my wallet putting my hips off kilter.
What I have seen work is either tearing the carb apart and rebuilding it and cleaning it by hand, or with injectors replacing them.
I have heard about people having issues and needed to clean the throttle body, but once again there's no solution in a bottle that you can just add to the tank.
BTW, on one of my previous vehicles I got 190,000 out of a set of injectors all on the cheapest fuel you can find and the only reason I replaced them was it failed emissions.
Have you checked your tire pressure lately? That'll kill gas mileage faster than almost anything, not counting driving habits.